Form of Verb and Adjective

A.  Verb Forms

English verbs come in several forms. For example, the verb to sing can be: to sing, sing, sang, sung, singing or sings. This is a total of 6 forms. Not many, considering that some languages (French, for example) have more than 30 forms for an individual verb. English tenses may be quite complicated, but the forms that we use to make the tenses are actually very simple! With the exception of the verb to be, English main verbs have only 4, 5 or 6 forms. To be has 9 forms. Do not confuse verb forms with tenses.

Smiled / smiles

Reached / reaches

Required  / requires

The different forms of a word are known as its inflections and we say that verbs inflect for tense in that different forms represent tense distinctions. As discussed earlier, not all inflectional forms are regular and, especially in the past tense, we have irregular forms:

Sink - sank

Think - thought

Hit  -hit

- What are the forms of the verb?

	Simple Form	-s Form	-ing Form	Past tense Form
Regular	Help	helps	helping	helped
	Carry	carries	carrying	carried
	Clutch	clutches	clutching	clutched
Irregular	Cut	cuts	cutting	Cut
	Bring	brings	bringing	brought
	Run	runs	running	Run
	Fall	falls	falling	Fallen
	Drink	drinks	drinking	Drunk

In English there are several different kinds of verb Forms. 

·  the simple (or uninflected or base) form: dance, play, type, hurry, concentrate, communicate, pull, lives, cut, put, bring, run, sing, drink, speak, write, work.  Examples :

You sing well.

Work well.

·  the 3rd person singular present tense (or -s) form: dances, plays, types, hurries, concentrates, communicates, pulls, lives, cuts, puts, brings, runs, sings, drinks, speaks. Examples :  

She sings well.

   He works in London.

·  the present (or -ing) form: dancing, playing, typing, hurrying, concentrating, communicating, pulling, living, cutting, putting, running, bringing, singing, drinking, speaking, writing, working. Examples :

Singing well is not easy.

I am working.

·  the past tense form: danced, played, typed, hurried, concentrated, communicated, pulled, lived, brought, sang. Examples :

They sang yesterday.

I worked yesterday.

B.  Adjective Forms

Adjective have inflections. That is, adjective change in spelling according to how they are used in a sentence. Many adjective that could end with-ed or-ing. examples:
- I'm excited about tomorrow.

- This is an exciting book.

If the adjective ends in-ed, then the adjective is showing feelings about anything. examples:
• I'm interested in modern art. (This is a personal feeling of the speaker)

• I was really bored yesterday.

If the adjective ends in-ing, then the adjective shows the resulting feeling of something. examples:
• Modern art is interesting. ("Modern art" can not feel, but it makes the speaker (I) was interested).
• The news was shocking. (The "news" gives us a sense of shocking / shocked).

Just compare:

• He's bored. - She (He) can not do anything at, he was not happy. This sentence shows his feelings.
• He's boring. - She (He) is not an interesting person. This sentence shows that he inflicted on the feelings of others.

Here are some common adjective pairs using -ed/-ing. Note that the adjective does not change because of the number (plural / singular).

Adjective –ed	Adjective -ing
annoy - I don’t get annoyed easily	annoying - Noisy mobile phones
amazed - I’m amazed by hers artistic talent.	amazing - The concert last might was amazing
confused - I asked the teacher, but we were still confused	confusing - This textbook is really confusing.
disappointed - They were disappointed the weather was not good.	disappointing - Yesterday’s weather was disappointing.
surprised - I was surprised to see you.	surprising - I heard some surprising news

- Adjectives -ic and -ical

IC ® There is no particular way to know whether a word will use the -ic or the -ical ending. The suffix -ic comes from  French -ique, or Greek -ikos. and means having the nature of , or causing something. Examples :

His economic theory was proved unsound.  of the science of economics

His comic verse filled books.  artistic comedy

An electric motor powered the car. a particular machine

He was a medic in the military.  intern or doctor

ICAL : The -ical  form is often added to a word that already has a final -ic. For example,. historic (of history) and historical (related to something that is historic).  Such adjectives often have a different or an additional meaning from the more basic -ic form. Examples :

His economical car was unsound.  Cheap

His comical verse entertained audiences.  funny

Electrical equipment makes our work easier.   general, mass

He did medical research.  related to medicine

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

http://public.wsu.edu/~gordonl/ESL/answer3.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_roots,_suffixes_and_prefixes  

      http://englishonline.blogdetik.com/2009/08/12/adjective-bentuk-ed-ing/